With the advent of the artificial intelligence era, sweeping and profound transformative reforms have permeated every industrial sector across the globe. The rapid iterative upgrading of cutting-edge technologies and the vigorous expansion of new productive forces have imposed an imperative demand for paradigm restructuring on the talent cultivation of computer-related disciplines in domestic universities and colleges. Conventional talent training frameworks, which are rigid in structure and outdated in orientation, can no longer keep pace with the requirements of industrial restructuring and the personalized developmental aspirations of enrolled students. Against such a contextual backdrop, this paper focuses on exploring innovative developmental pathways for computer talent cultivation under the AI-driven landscape, aiming to provide systematic theoretical references and practical guidance for higher education institutions to cope with technological revolutions, upgrade the comprehensive quality of talent cultivation, and align disciplinary construction with the practical demands of industrial advancement and social progress.