Shandong’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH) boasts distinctive regional cultural characteristics. However, problems such as inconsistent terminology, weakened cultural imagery, and difficulties in audience comprehension exist in its international communication. This study constructs a three-dimensional evaluation model: Linguistic Level–Cultural Level–Cognitive Level, to diagnose existing translations systematically. It reveals a widespread “cultural cognitive gap” in translation practice: translators’ insufficient understanding of the deep connotations of ICH leads to the loss of cultural information. Accordingly, a Cultural Fidelity Translation Framework is proposed, which adopts a three-in-one strategy of terminology standardization, contextual compensation, and multimodal collaboration to achieve the dual goals of “linguistic accuracy” and “cultural fidelity”. This framework provides a systematic approach to improving the international communication quality of Shandong ICH and can also serve as a reference for ICH external publicity translation in other regions.