The transformation of forest and grass scientific and technological achievements has long been trapped by the “last mile” barrier, while there exists a “last step” mismatch between vocational education talent training and industrial demands. This paper proposes that these two major problems originate from the same root and can be systematically solved by constructing a “two-way collaborative innovation” mechanism. The study analyzes the internal correlation between the dual dilemmas of “technology supply” and “talent supply” in the forest and grass sector. On this basis, taking three types of practices including science and technology courtyards, industrial colleges, and the integration of science and education as research samples, it puts forward policy suggestions at the institutional design level. The research holds that the two-way collaborative innovation in the forest and grass field is essentially a systematic project of transforming “forest and field sites” into “open field laboratories” and turning “vivid practical experience” into educational and teaching resources, which provides a feasible path to resolve the dual dilemmas of “difficult achievement transformation” and “difficult talent cultivation” in agriculture, forestry and grass-related sectors.