The articulation between secondary and higher vocational education is a key link in building a modern vocational education system and smoothing the growth path for technical and skilled talents. It breaks the “dead-end” limitation of secondary vocational education, provides students with a continuous path for academic advancement and career development, and effectively meets the urgent demand for high-level applied talents driven by industrial upgrading. The article focuses on the integration of industry and education, addressing practical issues in the cultivation of computer application technology professionals under the context of secondary and higher vocational education linkage. These issues include insufficient alignment in talent training objectives, inadequate coordination in curriculum design, and unclear connections to enterprise technical positions. With the goal of enhancing talent training quality and job adaptability, it systematically explores a talent cultivation model characterized by “integrated design, phased implementation, and progressive competency development.” Aiming at improving the quality of talent cultivation and students’ post-adaptability, it systematically explores a talent training mode featuring integrated design, phased implementation, and progressive competence development. Based on the growth law of professional literacy and the technical competency requirements of professional posts, this study proposes a restructuring scheme for the modular curriculum system and a school-enterprise collaborative education model for secondary and higher vocational education articulation. It also constructs a diversified and multi-dimensional education evaluation system, forming a closed-loop teaching mechanism integrating objectives, curricula, education and evaluation.