This article uses research methods such as literature review, questionnaire survey, interview, and mathematical statistics to investigate and analyze the physical health status of junior high school students in a city area of Shandong Province. The research results indicate that factors affecting the physical health of middle school students include irregular lifestyle habits, insufficient rest and exercise time, high academic pressure, a family environment not valuing physical exercise, and inadequate school sports equipment and facilities. In response to these influencing factors, strategies are proposed to develop personalized physical education teaching to cultivate students’ interest in sports, adopt a reasonable layered teaching model, strengthen and improve the construction of school sports equipment and facilities, promote the improvement of students’ physical health through the linkage between schools and families, and create a strong campus sports and exercise atmosphere through multiple measures, aiming to improve the physical health level and promote the physical health development of middle school students.