As an important link for the extension of the “Belt and Road” Initiative in Europe, countries along the Danube River have achieved remarkable results in educational cooperation with China, becoming a key practice in building the “Belt and Road” Education Community. This paper systematically explores the educational cooperation paths between China and countries along the Danube River. Research shows that, driven by the dual mechanisms of the “Belt and Road” Initiative and the “China-CEEC Cooperation,” bilateral educational cooperation has formed a diversified pattern characterized by joint education programs, teacher-student exchanges, language and cultural communication, and industry-university-research collaboration. However, the current cooperation still faces challenges such as insufficient sustainability, mismatched supply and demand of educational resources, and institutional and cultural barriers. To promote the cooperation towards high-quality development, this paper proposes that efforts should be made to improve the long-term cooperation mechanism and quality assurance system, expand new areas of industry-university-research integration and digital cooperation, and provide sustained impetus for deepening bilateral educational cooperation and cultivating international talents by optimizing resource allocation, strengthening teacher team construction, and building a multi-level cooperation network.