As student-initiated and student-led organizations, university innovation clubs are profoundly reshaping the patterns and directions of higher education, with their construction models and development pathways directly influencing student competency development. Based on the fundamental concept of university innovation clubs, this paper analyzes prevalent challenges such as inefficient resource integration, inadequate institutional mechanisms, and superficial industry-education collaboration. Through case studies of innovation club development across multiple universities, it proposes an innovative tripartite construction model of on-campus resource integration, off-campus industry linkage, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, we formulate a corresponding developmental pathway emphasizing institutional standardization, industry-academia-research integration, and the cultivation of an innovation culture. This study offers both theoretical and practical implications for reforming university student organizations and practice-based educational platforms.