As winter sports in China continue to grow and gain popularity, more and more people are engaging in and showing interest in these activities. Among the winter sports, ice hockey stands out as the only team ball sport in winter, capturing the public’s attention and enjoying widespread popularity. Despite the early development of ice hockey in China, there are still big differences compared to foreign levels, mainly in physical fitness, technical and tactical differences. This paper discusses the research on strength and conditioning training of ice hockey in China and abroad through the literature method. The strength and conditioning requirements of ice hockey are examined through the lens of strength and conditioning assessment and body composition, based on the unique characteristics of the sport. This approach enables the head coach, strength and conditioning coach, and research personnel to gain a comprehensive understanding of ice hockey training and effectively apply strength and conditioning methods, providing valuable guidance and reference for the development of ice hockey strength and conditioning programs.