With the in-depth advancement of the digital age and the rapid development of information technology, information-based teaching has increasingly become an important means of teaching reform. The dissemination and use of multimodal discourse are also becoming more frequent, and elements such as images, audio, and video are being applied more frequently in teaching. The medical profession is one of the key fields for cultivating high-quality medical and nursing talents. Good English application ability is an important criterion for cultivating medical professionals. Strengthening English teaching for medical college students has become an inevitable trend of the times. Medical colleges should uphold the teaching concept of keeping pace with the times, give full play to the value of multimodal teaching supported by information technology in cultivating medical students’ English abilities, and promote the comprehensive improvement of students’ comprehensive qualities. Against this background, this paper focuses on the multimodal cultivation of the reading and writing abilities of medical students in vocational colleges. Starting from the basic concept of multimodality, it explores the application and effects of the multimodal teaching model in the cultivation of medical English reading and writing abilities, aiming to improve teaching quality and effectiveness, strengthen students’ English reading and writing skills, and cultivate high-quality medical talents with equal emphasis on language ability and professional literacy.