This paper examines the significance of effective practice in piano learning, particularly the vital role of self-regulation in practice. The quality of practice rather than the quantity is more important for improving musical skills, and self-regulation significantly enhances learning efficiency and performance. The article highlights the crucial role of teachers in fostering students’ self-regulation abilities, including helping them set goals, select effective strategies, conduct self-evaluations, and motivate their learning. By effectively setting goals, choosing strategies (such as slow practice and part-whole practice), conducting self-evaluations, and paying attention to students’ emotions and interests, piano teachers can help students become independent learners and improve practice efficiency. Future research can further explore how students can better engage in self-regulation to enhance the effectiveness of piano practice.