With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, AI is gradually penetrating into students’ learning and daily lives, exerting a profound impact on learning methods and concepts. Taking the actual usage scenarios of student groups as the entry point, this paper analyzes the application of AI in knowledge acquisition and understanding, the improvement of autonomous learning ability, and the construction of human-machine collaborative learning models. The research holds that the rational application of AI technology helps alleviate learning difficulties, improve learning efficiency, and enhance students’ sense of subjectivity in learning. At the same time, the application of AI has also promoted the transformation of students’ role cognition and learning concepts to a certain extent. On the basis of affirming its practical value, this paper conducts necessary reflections on relevant issues, aiming to provide a reference for the scientific application of AI technology among student groups.