With the enhancement of China’s national strength, international Chinese education has entered a stage of high-quality development. As a core indicator for measuring the comprehensive Chinese language application and cross-cultural communication abilities of master’s degree students in international Chinese education, the training quality of speech skills has garnered significant attention. Based on the four core processes of the SECI model—socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization—this paper, combined with the core requirements for speech skills of master’s degree students in this field, constructs a four-stage progressive training system: “experience accumulation, standardized output, system construction, and ability transfer.” It clarifies the objectives, paths, and tools for each stage, aiming to provide a new theoretical perspective and practical paradigm for breaking the bottleneck of international Chinese speech skills training and enhancing teaching quality.