Objective: To construct a standardized and practical teaching system for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, evaluate its application effect in clinical teaching and practice, and provide a reference for improving the early diagnosis and treatment level of gastrointestinal tumors and optimizing medical teaching models. Methods: Fifty clinicians (including residents, visiting doctors, and standardized training doctors) who participated in teaching and training related to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors in our hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group (25 cases) and a control group (25 cases) using a random number table method. The control group adopted the traditional teaching model for gastrointestinal tumors, while the observation group applied the self-constructed integrated teaching system for early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. The theoretical assessment scores, practical skill assessment scores, and mastery of knowledge related to the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors were compared between the two groups, as well as the detection rate of early gastrointestinal tumors and the implementation rate of standardized diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice after teaching. Results: After the teaching intervention, the theoretical assessment scores and practical skill assessment scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001); the excellent rate of knowledge mastery in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ² = 5.357, P = 0.021 < 0.05); clinical practice data six months after teaching showed that the detection rate of early gastrointestinal tumors and the implementation rate of standardized diagnosis and treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The constructed teaching system for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors can effectively improve the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of trainees, strengthen their clinical capabilities in early diagnosis and treatment, enhance the detection efficiency and diagnostic and therapeutic standardization of early gastrointestinal tumors, and possess high value for clinical teaching promotion.