Infancy and toddlerhood are critical stages of human growth and development. The physical and mental health status during this period not only affects children’s current quality of life but also exerts a lasting impact on their lifelong health literacy and developmental potential. The infant and toddler behavior observation model guided by health management can effectively break through the limitations of the traditional single-disease monitoring model. With infant and toddler behavioral manifestations as the core carrier, it realizes dynamic monitoring of their physical, psychological and other health conditions through a scientific and systematic observation system. In view of this, this paper analyzes the construction of an infant and toddler behavior observation model based on health management orientation and puts forward effective implementation strategies.