Under the background of the continuous advancement of new engineering construction, the rapid development of the artificial intelligence industry has put forward higher requirements for talent training in colleges and universities. At present, there are many problems in the training of artificial intelligence professionals in colleges and universities, which cannot meet the needs of the industry and the goals of new engineering construction. Guided by the new engineering concepts of “integration of industry and education, cross-border integration”, this paper adopts the method of combining literature research and practical analysis to confirm the practical significance of the reform of the talent training mode for artificial intelligence majors, comprehensively analyzes the four major difficulties of interdisciplinary integration, industry-education collaboration, faculty reserve, and practical resources, and puts forward targeted reform approaches including curriculum system construction, deepening of industry-education mechanism, faculty team building, and upgrading of practical conditions. Specific practical cases are used to improve the implementation methods. The research results provide operational references for colleges and universities to improve the talent training mode and quality of artificial intelligence majors, and boost the high-quality development of the artificial intelligence industry.