Against the background of the New Era, cyberspace has become an important field for college students’ study, life and ideological growth. Improving college students’ network literacy is a key measure to fulfill the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education and purify the cyber ecosystem. At present, college students generally face problems such as weak information identification ability, insufficient network moral self-discipline, weak awareness of the rule of law and security, and non-standard online behaviors. The root causes lie in the imperfect cultivation system in colleges and universities, inadequate family guidance, insufficient social supervision and supply, and lack of individual awareness of independent improvement. Based on the core connotation of college students’ network literacy and aiming at the prominent existing problems, this paper constructs a four-dimensional linkage improvement path involving universities, families, society and individuals. Through systematic education, collaborative guidance, standardized supervision and independent self-cultivation, it comprehensively makes up for the shortcomings of college students’ network literacy and helps young people grow into qualified netizens in the New Era.