In recent years, the enrollment scale of higher vocational education in China has been continuously expanding. As an important enrollment channel for higher vocational colleges, independent enrollment has attracted an increasing number of students from secondary vocational schools to apply. The integrated schooling of secondary and higher vocational education has also become an important development direction for constructing a modern vocational education system. Under such circumstances, realizing a smooth connection of mathematics teaching between secondary and higher vocational stages can not only help students admitted through independent enrollment adapt to the learning rhythm of higher vocational colleges faster after entering higher vocational education, but also consolidate the foundation of talent cultivation in vocational education. Nevertheless, judging from actual teaching practice, students admitted via independent enrollment have obvious adaptation problems in mathematics learning after entering higher vocational colleges, and there are multiple disconnections in the mathematics teaching links between secondary and higher vocational education. In view of this, this paper first analyzes the problems existing in the mathematics teaching connection between secondary and higher vocational education under the background of independent enrollment, and then puts forward effective solutions, so as to provide certain references for relevant researchers.