As the core driving force of innovation-driven development, new-quality productive forces play a crucial role in advancing the development and progress of the modern economy and society. Their construction and development cannot be achieved without the support of new-type top-notch innovative talents. As the main force in cultivating such talents, colleges and universities should attach importance to the organic integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with new-quality productive forces, to better facilitate the development of new-quality productive forces. Based on this, this paper briefly analyzes the two-way driving effect between innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and the development of new-quality productive forces, and expounds the practical paths for colleges and universities’ innovation and entrepreneurship education to promote the development of new-quality productive forces. The purpose is to give full play to the promoting role of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the development of new-quality productive forces, hoping to provide some references for peers.